General

• Hans Wilhelm Alfen (ed.), Public-Private Partnership in Infrastructure Development - Case Studies from Asia and Europe (Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2009)

• Chris Chan, Danny Forwood, Heather Roper & Chris Sayers, Public Infrastructure Financing: An International Perspective (Staff Working Paper, Productivity Commission, Melbourne, 2009)

• J. Luis Guasch, Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions: Doing it Right (World Bank, Washington DC, 2004)

• Dieter Helm, Ownership, Utility Regulation and Financial Structures: An Emerging Model (Oxford, 2006)

• Elisabetta Iossa, Giancarlo Spagnolo & Mercedes Vellez, Contract Design in Public-Private Partnerships (Report for the World Bank, 2007), plus Best Practice (2007) and Checklist (2007)

• Michael Kerf, Concessions for infrastructure: A guide to their design and award (Technical Paper 399, World Bank, Washington DC, 1998)

• Armin Riess, “Is the PPP model applicable across sectors?”, EIB Papers, Vol. 10, No. 2 (European Investment Bank, Luxemburg, 2005), p. 10

• Jan Rommel, Johan Christiaens & Carl Devos, Rhetorics of Reform: The Case of New Public Management as a Paradigm Shift (Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde Working Paper, University of Ghent, 2005)

• E.R. Yescombe, Principles of Project Finance (Academic Press / Elsevier, San Diego CA, 2002)

• Hugo Zarco-Jasso, Public-Private Partnerships: A Multidimensional Model for Contracting (Public-Private Center Working Paper 584, IESE Business School, University of Navarra, 2005)

• Jean-Etienne de Bettignies & Thomas W. Ross, “The Economics of Public-Private Partnerships”, Canadian Public Policy, Vol. XXX, No. 2 (Université de Montréal, Montréal, 2004)

• Gerti Dudkin & Timo Välilä, Transaction Costs In Public-Private Partnerships: A First Look At The Evidence (Economic and Financial Report 2005/03, European Investment Bank, Luxembourg, 2005)

• Darrin Grimsey & Mervyn K Lewis, The Economics of Public Private Partnerships (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2005)—a useful collection of reprints of academic articles

• Paul A. Grout, “Value-for-money measurement in public-private partnerships”, EIB Papers, Vol. 10, No. 2 (European Investment Bank, Luxemburg, 2005), p. 32

• Elisabetta Iossa & David Martimort, The Simple Micro-Economics of Public-Private Partnerships (2008)

• James Leighland, “Is the public sector comparator right for developing countries?”, Gridlines Note No. 4 (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Washington DC, 2006)

• John Quiggin, “Risks, PPPs and the Public Sector Comparator”, Australian Accounting Review, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2004), p. 51

• Hui Thia & Guy Ford, “Delivery of Economic Benefits using Public Private Partnerships in the Development of Infrastructure Projects”, International Review of Business Research Papers Vol. 5 No. 3 (World Business Institute, Melbourne, Australia, April 2009)

• Timo Välilä, “How expensive are cost savings? On the economics of public-private partnerships”, EIB Papers, Vol. 10, No. 1 (European Investment Bank, Luxemburg, 2005), p. 94

General - Risk

• Mathias Dewatripont & Patrick Legros, “Public-private partnerships: contract design and risk transfer”, EIB Papers, Vol. 10, No. 1 (European Investment Bank, Luxemburg, 2005), p. 120

• Timothy C. Irwin, Government Guarantees: Allocating and Valuing Risk in Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects (World Bank, Washington DC, 2007)

• Michael Klein, Risk, Taxpayers, and the Role of Government in Project Finance (Policy Research Working Paper 1688, World Bank, Washington DC, 1996)

• Marco Sorge, “The Nature of Credit Risk in Project Finance”, BIS Quarterly Review, December 2004 (Bank for International Settlements, Basel, 2004), p. 91

General - Budgeting and Fiscal Treatment

• Eurostat / IMF / OECD / UN / World Bank, System of National Accounts 1993 (Brussels, Luxemburg, New York, Paris, Washington DC, 1993)

• Richard Hemming et al., Public-Private Partnerships, Government Guarantees, and Fiscal Risk (International Monetary Fund, Washington DC, 2006)

• International Monetary Fund (Fiscal Affairs Department), Public-Private Partnerships (Washington DC, 2004)

• International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions, Guidelines on Best Practice for the Audit of Risk in Public/Private Partnership (PPP) (INTOSAI, 2004)

• Paul Posner, Shin Kue Ryu & Ann Tkachenko, Public-Private Partnerships: The Relevance of Budgeting (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Vienna, 2008)

General - Institutional Framework

• Mark Dutz, Clive Harris, Inderbir Dhingra & Chris Shugart, Public-Private Partnership Units: What Are They, and What Do They Do? (Public Policy for the Private Sector Note No. 311, World Bank, Washington DC, 2006)

• Apurva Sanghi, Alex Sundakov & Denzel Hankinson, “Designing and using public-private partnership units in infrastructure: lessons from case studies around the world”, Gridlines Note No. 7 (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Washington DC, 2007)

Transport Projects

• Toolkit for Public-Private Partnerships in Roads & Highways (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Washington DC, 2nd edition 2009)

• Paul Amos, Public and Private Sector Roles in the Supply of Transport Infrastructure and Services: Operational Guidance for World Bank Staff (World Bank, Washington DC, 2004)

• Frédéric Blanc-Brude, Hugh Goldsmith & Timo Välilä, Ex Ante Construction Costs in The European Road Sector: A Comparison of Public-Private Partnerships and Traditional Public Procurement (Economic and Financial Report 2006/01, European Investment Bank, Luxembourg, 2006)

• Patrick Boeuf, “Public-Private Partnerships for Transport Infrastructure Projects”, paper at Transport Infrastructure Development for a Wider Europe (European Union / UNECE / European Investment Bank joint seminar, 2003)

• Franck Bousquet & Alain Fayard, Road Infrastructure Concession Practice in Europe (Policy Research Working Paper 2675, World Bank, Washington DC, 2001)

• Eduardo Engel, Ronald Fischer & Alexander Galetovic, “A New Approach to Private Roads”, Regulation (Cato Institute, Washington DC, Fall 2002), p. 18

• Antonio Estache, Ellis Juan & Lourdes Trujillo, Public-Private Partnerships in Transport (Policy Research Working Paper 4436, World Bank, Washington DC, 2007)

• Carolina Monsalve, “Private participation in transport: Lessons from recent experience in Europe and Central Asia”, Gridlines Note No. 47 (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Washington DC, 2006)

• Jarkko Murtoaro, Public-Private Partnership: A Study on the Economics and Financing Alternatives of Transport Infrastructure Production (Report 2006/3, Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Industrial Management, Espoo, 2006)

• Cesar Querioz, Launching Public Private Partnerships for Highways in Transition Economies (World Bank, Washington DC, 2007)

Water Projects

• Approaches to Private Participation in Water Services: A Toolkit (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Washington DC, 2006)

• Antonio Vives, Angela M. Paris, Juan Benavides, et al., Financial Structuring of Infrastructure Projects in Public-Private Partnerships: An Application to Water Projects (Inter-American Development Bank, Washington DC, 2006)

Multilateral Organisations and Agencies—Guidance and Data

• Asian Development Bank, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Handbook (Manila, 2008)

• Infrastructure Consortium for Africa, Donor Debt and Equity Financing for Infrastructure (Tunis, 2007)

• Tomoko Matsukawa & Odo Habeck, Review of Risk Mitigation Instruments for Infrastructure Financing and Recent Trends and Developments (World Bank / Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Trends and Policy Options No. 4, Washington DC, 2007)

• OECD Principles for Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 2007)

• Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Toolkit: a guide for hiring and managing advisors for private participation in infrastructure (World Bank, Washington DC, 1999)

• United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects (United Nations, New York, 2001)

• — UNCITRAL Model Legislative Provisions on Privately Financed Infrastructure Projects (United Nations, New York, 2004)

• World Trade Organisation, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994¸ Annex 4(b): “Agreement on Government Procurement” (Geneva, 1994)

The World Bank maintains a Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) project database, covering PPPs and privatisation projects in developing countries. Cf. the annual survey of this data in Ada Karina Izaguirre & Edouard Perard, Private Activity in Infrastructure Reached a New Peak in 2007 (PPI data update note 13, World Bank, Washington DC, 2008)

Africa

• Infrastructure Consortium for Africa: Attracting Investors to African Public-Private Partnerships - A Project Preparation Guide (World Bank, Washington DC, 2008)

Australia

• Allen Consulting / University of Melbourne, Performance of PPPs and Traditional Procurement in Australia (Report for Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, 2007)

• The Australian Council for Infrastructure Development, Delivering for Australia: A Review of BOOs, BOOTs, Privatisations and Public-Private Partnerships, 1988 to 2004 (AusCID, Sydney, 2005)

• Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics, Benefits of Private Sector Involvement in Road Provision: A Look at the Evidence (Working Paper 33) (Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1996)

• —  Risk in Cost-Benefit Analysis (Report 110) (Canberra, 2005)

• Timothy Irwin and Tanya Mokdad, Managing contingent liabilities in public-private partnerships: Practice in Australia, Chile, and South Africa (PPIAF / World Bank, Washington DC, 2009)

• Michael Regan, A Survey of Alternative Financing Methods for Public-Private Partnerships (Infrastructure Association of Queensland / Bond University, Gold Coast Qd, 2009)

• Richard Webb & Bernard Pulle, Public Private Partnerships: An Introduction (Parliamentary Library Research Paper No. 1, Canberra, 2002)

• Dexter Whitfield, Financing Infrastructure in the 21st Century: The Long Term Impact of Public Private Partnerships in Britain and Australia (Dunstan Paper No. 2/2007, University of Adelaide, 2007)

Commonwealth

• Department of Finance & Administration, Introductory Guide to Public Private Partnerships (Financial Management Guidance No. 16, Canberra, 2006)

• —  Australian Government Policy Principles for the Use of Public Private Partnerships (Financial Management Guidance No. 21, Canberra, 2006)

• —  Public Private Partnerships: Business Case Development (Financial Management Guidance No. 17, Canberra, 2006)

• —  Public Private Partnerships: Risk Management (Financial Management Guidance No. 18, Canberra, 2006)

• —  Public Private Partnerships: Contract Management (Financial Management Guidance No. 19, Canberra, 2006)

New South Wales

• New South Wales Government, Working with Government: Guidelines for Privately Financed Projects (Sydney, 2006)

• —  Risk Allocation and Commercial Principles (Sydney, 2007)

• —  Technical Paper: Determination of Appropriate Discount Rates for the Evaluation of Private Financing Proposals (Sydney, 2007)

• Public Accounts Committee, Legislative Assembly, Inquiry into Public Private Partnerships (Sydney, 2006)

• Office of Financial Management, New South Wales Treasury, NSW public private partnerships policy – an evolution (Sydney, 2009)

Victoria

• Partnerships Victoria, Guidance Material (2001):  Overview / Practitioners’ Guide / Risk Allocation and Contractual Issues / Public Sector Comparator (Department of Treasury & Finance, Melbourne, 2001)

• —  Contract Management Guide (Department of Treasury & Finance, Melbourne, 2003)

• —  Technical Notes (2003): Public Sector Comparator Supplementary Technical Note / Use of Discount Rates in the Partnerships Victoria Process (Department of Treasury & Finance, Melbourne, 2003)

• —  Advisory Notes (2005): Managing Interest Rate Risk  / Determining the General Inflation Rate for Use in Partnerships Victoria Projects / Interactive Tender process (Department of Treasury & Finance, Melbourne, 2005)

• —  Updated Guidance Material (2008): Standard Commercial Principles (2nd edition, Department of Treasury & Finance, Melbourne, 2008)

• Department of Treasury & Finance, Partnerships Victoria (Melbourne, 2002)

• Peter Fitzgerald, Review of Partnerships Victoria Provided Infrastructure (Report to the Victoria Treasury, Melbourne, 2004)

• Timothy Irwin and Tanya Mokdad, Managing contingent liabilities in public-private partnerships: Practice in Australia, Chile, and South Africa (PPIAF / World Bank, Washington DC, 2009)

• Glenn Maguire & Arseni Malinovitch, “Development of PPPs in Victoria”, Australian Accounting Review, Vol. 14 No. 2 (CPA Australia, Melbourne, 2004)

Western Australia

• Department of Health, Delivering Health Care through Innovation and Reform: Public Private Partnerships (PPP) (Perth, 2007)

• Department of Treasury & Finance, Partnerships for Growth: Policies and Guidelines for Public Private Partnerships in Western Australia (Perth, 2002)

Canada

• Industry Canada, Public-Private Partnerships: A Canadian Guide (Ottawa, 2001)

• —  The Public Sector Comparator: A Canadian Best Practices Guide (Ottawa, 2003)

• Stuart Murray, Value For Money? Cautionary Lessons about P3s from British Columbia (Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Vancouver, BC, 2006)

• Partnerships British Columbia, An Introduction to Public-Private Partnerships (Victoria, BC, 2003)

• —  Methodology for Quantitative Procurement Options Analysis (Victoria, BC, 2010)

• Aiden R. Vining & Anthony E. Boardman, Public-Private Partnerships in Canada: Theory and Evidence (Phelps Centre for the Study of Government and Business, Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2006)

Central Europe

• Andreas Brenck, Thorsten Beckers, Maria Heinrich, & Christian von Hirschhausen, “Public-Private Partnerships in New EU Member Countries of Central and Eastern Europe: An Economic Analysis with Case Studies from the Highway Sector”, EIB Papers, Vol. 10, No. 2 (European Investment Bank, Luxemburg, 2005), p. 82

• Christopher Clement-Davies, “Public Private Partnerships in Central and Eastern Europe: Structuring Concession Agreements”, Law in Transition 2007 (European Bank for Reconstruction & Development, London, 2007)

Chile

• Carlos Cruz Lorenzen & María Elena Barrientos, Toll Road Concessions: The Chilean Experience (Private Finance Group Discussion Paper 124, World Bank, Washington DC, 2001?)

• Andres Gómez-Lobo & Sergio Hinojosa, Broad Roads in a Thin Country: Infrastructure Concessions in Chile (Policy Research Working Paper 2279, World Bank, Washington DC, 2000)

• Timothy Irwin and Tanya Mokdad, Managing contingent liabilities in public-private partnerships: Practice in Australia, Chile, and South Africa (PPIAF / World Bank, Washington DC, 2009)

East Asia

• Fumiyo Harada, Legal Framework for Private Participation in Infrastructure in the Selected East Asian Countries; Comparative Study on Japan, Korea, and the Philippines (Development Bank of Japan, Tokyo, 2002)

• Suk Hyun, Toshiro Nishizawa & Naoyuki Yoshino, Exploring the Use of Revenue Bond for Infrastructure Financing in Asia (JBIC Institute Discussion Paper No. 15, Tokyo, 2008)

European Union

• Frédéric Blanc-Brude, Hugh Goldsmith & Timo Välilä, Public-Private Partnerships in Europe - An Update (Economic and Financial Report 2007/03, European Investment Bank, Luxembourg, 2007)

• European Commission, Guidelines for Successful Public–Private Partnerships (DG Regional Policy, Brussels, 2003)

• —  Resource Book on PPP Case Studies (DG Regional Policy, Brussels, 2004)

• —  Green Paper on Public-Private Partnerships and Community Law on Public Contracts and Concessions (COM/2004/327, Brussels 2004)

• —  Communication…on Public-Private Partnerships and Community Law on Public Procurement and Concessions (COM/2005/0569, Brussels, 2005)

• —  Public-Private Partnerships: Models and Trends in the European Union (DG Internal Market, Report for European Parliament, IP/A/IMCO/NT/2006-3, Brussels, 2006)

• —  Public-Private Partnerships: National Experiences in the European Union (DG Internal Market, Report for European Parliament, IP/A/IMCO/SC/2005-160, Brussels, 2006)

• European Investment Bank, The EIB’s role in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) (Luxemburg, 2004)

• —  Evaluation of PPP projects financed by the EIB (Luxemburg, 2005)—Yescombe Consulting acted as external consultant to the EIB’s Evaluation Department for this study

• Eurostat, ESA95 Manual on Government Deficit and Debt (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxemburg, 2002 (2nd edition)); parts relevant to PPPs are:

  • Part I. Delimitation of the general government sector

  • Part II. Relations between the government and public enterprises

  • Part V. Addendum on government debt

• —  Long Term Contracts between Government Units and Non-Government Partners (Public-Private-Partnerships), ESA 2004 Edition Part IV, §4.2 (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxemburg, 2004)

France

• Jean-Yves Perrot & Gautier Chatelis (eds.), Financing of major infrastructure and public service projects: Public-Private Partnership—Lessons from French experience throughout the world (École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, 2000)

• Ministère de l’Économie, des Finances et de l’Industrie, Les Contrats de Partenariat: Principes et méthodes (MINEFI, Paris, n.d.)

• Cécile Sommer & Céline Tercier, The French Touch: La Cession des Créances (DBRS, Toronto, 2007)

Germany

• German Institute of Urban Affairs (Difu), Public Private Partnership Projects in Germany (Study for PPP Task Force, Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing, Berlin, 2006)

India

• T.C.A. Anant & Ram Singh, Distribution of Highways Public Private Partnerships in India: Key Legal and Economic Determinants (Delhi School of Economics, 2009)

• Asian Development Bank, Facilitating Public Private Partnership for Accelerated Infrastructure Development in India: Regional Workshops of Chief Secretaries on Public Private Partnership - Workshop Report (New Delhi, 2006)

• Clive Harris & Sri Kumar Tadimalla, “Financing the boom in public-private partnerships in Indian infrastructure: trends and policy implications, Gridlines Note No. 45 (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility, Washington DC, 2008)

Ireland

• Department of Finance, Guidelines for the Appraisal and Management of Capital Expenditure Proposals in the Public Sector (Dublin, 2005)

• —  Guidelines for the Provision of Infrastructure and Capital Investments through Public Private Partnerships: Procedures for the Assessment, Approval, Audit and Procurement of Projects (Dublin, 2006)

• —  Assessment of Projects for Procurement as Public Private Partnership (Dublin, 2006)

• —   Discount Rate Principles for Public Private Partnership Capital Investment Projects (Dublin, 2006)

• —   Technical Note on the compilation of a Public Sector Benchmark for a Public Private Partnership Project (Dublin, 2007)

• —   Value for Money and the Public Private Partnership Procurement Process (Dublin, 2007)

Islamic Financing

• Jasper Camacho, Islamic Financing for Large Infrastructure Projects (Harvard Business School, 2005)

Korea

• Ministry of Planning & Budget, Law and Regulations of Private Participation in Infrastructure for 2007 (Seoul, 2007)

• Paul Noumba Um & Severine Dinghem, Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea (Policy Research Working Paper 3689, World Bank, Washington DC, 2005)

Mexico

• Jeff Ruster, “A Retrospective on the Mexican Toll Road Program (1989–94)”, Public Policy for the Private Sector, No. 125 (World Bank, Washington DC, 1997)

Netherlands

• PPP Knowledge Centre, PPP and Public Procurement Guide (Ministry of Finance, Amsterdam, 2001)

• —  Public Sector Comparator (Ministry of Finance, Amsterdam, 2002)

• —  Public Private Comparator (Ministry of Finance, Amsterdam, 2002)

New Zealand

• Dieter Katz, Financing Infrastructure Projects: Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) (Policy Perspectives Paper 06/02, New Zealand Treasury, 2006)

Norway

• “Norwegian Road Projects are now Profitable – the Government Reduces the Discount Rate”, Nordic Road and Transport Research, No. 2/3 (VTI, Stockholm, 2005)

Portugal

• Rui Sousa Monteiro, “Public-private partnerships: some lessons from Portugal”, EIB Papers, Vol. 10, No. 2 (European Investment Bank, Luxemburg, 2005), p. 72

Singapore

• Ministry of Finance, Public Private Partnership Handbook (Singapore, 2004)

South Africa

• Peter Farlam, Working Together: Assessing Public–Private Partnerships in Africa (Nepad Policy Focus Report No. 2) (The South African Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, 2005)

• Timothy Irwin and Tanya Mokdad, Managing contingent liabilities in public-private partnerships: Practice in Australia, Chile, and South Africa (PPIAF / World Bank, Washington DC, 2009)

• National Treasury, Project Finance: Introductory Manual on Project Finance for Managers of PPP Projects (Pretoria, 2001)

• —   PPP Manual (Pretoria, 2004)

• —  Standardised PPP Provisions (Pretoria, 2004)

Spain

• Gayle Allard & Amanda Trabant, “Public-Private Partnerships In Spain: Lessons And Opportunities”, International Business & Economics Research Journal, Vol. 7 No. 2 (The Clute Institute For Academic Research, Littleton CO, February 2008)

United Kingdom

Official Publications

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